External publications

Frozen in time: how to rethink the role of foreign aid in FFD4

published on blogs.idos-research.de, 19.03.2025

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Whether time moves linearly or circularly, is subject to debate in the natural and social sciences. Meanwhile, the FFD4 process suggests the primacy of circularity, at least when reading the draft outcome document’s references to “Official Development Assistance” (ODA). In brief, the document calls for scaling up the volume of ODA (colloquially foreign aid) along with suggestions for improving the quality (effectiveness) and governance structures of ODA. However, these key points on ODA are largely similar to respective sections of the 2015 FFD3 outcome document.[...]

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