External publications

ما هي العوامل التي تحدد الرتقاء بالمشاريع الصغيرة والمتوسطة في مصر؟ (Which factors constrain the upgrading of small and medium-size enterprises in Egypt?)

Loewe, Markus et al.
External Publications (2015)

in: SME Advisor Arabia 2/2015, 48-54

The main determinants of SME upgrading in Egypt are the entrepreneur’s (i) human capital (quality education, work experience and international exposure), (ii) motivation and risk readiness, (iii) investment in human resources, (iv) market research, (v) access to finance and (vi) ability to deal with persistent deficits in the rule of law (especially in state-business interactions such as licensing, taxation and inspections).